Abstract Plesionika edwardsii (J.F. Brandt in von Middendorf, 1851) is a cosmopolitan species that inhabits cold temperate and subarctic waters between 50 and 680 m. In the Azorean region, this is the second most abundant shrimp species and populations remain unexploited. To provide insights into a pristine state that can be useful for comparisons across regions and serve as a benchmark for a potential fishery in the future, we analyzed data collected during shrimp trap surveys in the Azores between 1999 and 2000. Plesionika edwardsii were caught between 100 and 600 m depth, with the biggest catches between 200 and 400 m. Sizes varied from 8.3 to 31.3 mm cephalothorax length (CL). Females were bigger and more abundant than males and predominated at depths up to 300 m. Ovigerous females were caught throughout most of the year, with a peak of abundance during the winter. The size at 50 % maturity was 25 mm CL. High variability in distributional patterns and life-history traits has been observed in our study and when compared with literature from other regions, it is difficult to distinguish which differences are potentially fishing-induced. Future studies should investigate the oceanographic processes associated with P. edwardsii ecology and commercial fisheries should be made on a precautionary basis.

Abstract Insulations for rocket motors such as Flexible Thermal Protections (FTPs) and Rigid Thermal Protection (RTPs) act as thermal barriers against the hyperthermal environment from the solid propellant combustion. FTPs present dual function: to extend RTPs performance, and to attenuate the propellant contraction. FTPs used in the Brazilian Space Program have asbestos in their composition since the 70´s; however, they are hazardous for human health. In this context, a mixture of Expanded Perlite (PExp) and Cork Powder (CP) was investigated as a replacement for asbestos. Results showed reduction about 21 % in density and an increase of 13 % in the ablative properties. The low mechanical properties not interfere in this type of FTP due to your function of attenuate the propellant contraction.

Thermal protection systems (TPS) are components designed to protect the internal and external areas of a rocket motor from high temperatures. There has been studies in Brazil of resin-based polybutadiene hydroxylated (HTPB) loaded with asbestos since the 1970s. Nevertheless, asbestos has been banned in several countries because it is severely harmful to the human health. In this context, the development of asbestos free in flexible thermal protection (FTP) is extremely important. This study evaluates the use of Expanded Perlite (PExp) as an asbestos substitute. Lower densities were observed, which become a very interesting achievement for the aerospace field. Samples with 5 phr of Expanded Perlite showed similar results when comparing with 47 phr of fillers in PTF reference on oxy-acetylene torch test, and a reduction about 20 % of mass loss rate in test with solid propellant, thus showing that Expanded Perlite can replace asbestos in FTP.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi delinear a distribuição e o impacto econômico potenciais de Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), recente praga invasora, no Brasil. Foram feitos dois mapas de potencial de estabelecimento da espécie baseados no índice ecoclimático (EI), que utiliza as seguintes exigências termicas da espécie: com estresse de temperatura, cenário mais restrito para a expansão; e sem estresse de temperatura. O EI foi classificado em quatro faixas: não favorável, ≤25%; pouco favorável, >25 a ≤50%; favorável, >50 a ≤75%; e altamente favorável, >75%. As perdas econômicas foram estimadas a partir do mapa com a distribuição mais restritiva. As áreas consideradas altamente favoráveis foram sobrepostas às dos mapas de produção de cada hospedeiro possível (maçã, uva, pêssego, caqui, figo e pera). Ao se considerar esses seis hospedeiros, a sobreposição das áreas altamente favorável e de produção variou de 45,5% (uva) a 98,3% (maçã). No entanto, a estimativa monetária de perdas potenciais no pior cenário possível (sem medidas de controle) foi possível apenas para figo e pêssego. O Sul do Brasil é a área climaticamente mais favorável para o desenvolvimento de D. suzukii e onde as perdas econômicas potenciais podem ser máximas. As temperaturas médias máximas (>30°C) são o principal fator para restringir a dispersão de D. suzukii no Brasil.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to outline the potential distribution and economic impact of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a recent invasive pest, in Brazil. Two maps of the potential establishment of the species were drawn based on the ecoclimatic index (EI), which uses the following thermal requirements for the species: with thermal stress, most restrictive scenario for spread; and without thermal stress. The EI was classified into four ranges: unfavorable, ≤25%; less favorable, >25 to ≤50%; favorable, >50 to ≤75%; and highly favorable, >75%. Economic losses were estimated based on the most restrictive map. The highly favorable areas were overlapped with those of the maps of production data for each possible host (apple, grape, peach, persimmon, fig, and pear). Considering these six hosts, the overlap between the highly favorable and the production areas varied from 45.5% (grape) to 98.3% (apple). However, the monetary estimation of the potential losses in the worst case scenario (no control measures) was possible only for figs and peaches. Southern Brazil is the most climatically favorable area for D. suzukii development and where potential economic losses are expected to be the greatest. Maximum average temperatures (>30°C) are the main ecological factor to limit D. suzukii spread in Brazil.

Anastrepha fraterculus es la principal plaga de la producción de frutas en el sur de Brasil. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los daños causados por esta especie, evaluar su desarrollo y correlacionar el índice de infestación con las características físicas y químicas de los cultivares de pera Williams y Packhams en cinco distintas etapas de desarrollo. En el campo, se instalaron jaulas en las ramas de los perales para aislar frutas en las que se colocó dos parejas de A. fraterculus durante 48 horas. Se evaluó, en intervalos de 15 días, el daño provocado por la oviposición a través del recuento de los frutos caídos y deformes y de la presencia de larvas en su interior desde el inicio del experimento y hasta el momento de la cosecha. La evaluación de los daños consistió en la observación visual de frutas podridas y deformes y la presencia de larvas. En el laboratorio, se separó cada uno de los frutos de pera en potes de 750 mL y se los dejó con dos parejas de moscas durante 48 horas. La evaluación consistió en contar el número de larvas de tercer instar vivas, pupas y adultos emergentes. El análisis físicoquímico de las frutas determinó la textura de su piel y pulpa, el color, los sólidos solubles totales y su diámetro transversal. Se observó la incidencia de moscas en los cultivares Packhams y Williams cuando las frutas midieron 54,9 y 52,86 mm respectivamente. El desarrollo de A. fraterculus en frutos de pera de ambos cultivares está relacionado principalmente con la textura de la piel y pulpa de las frutas.

Anastrepha fraterculus is the main horticultural pest for food crops in southern Brazil. This study aimed to identify the damage caused by this species, evaluate its development, and correlate its infestation rate with physical and chemical characteristics of Packhams and Williams pear fruit cultivars at five different stages of development. In the field, cages were installed on branches of the pear plants in which two couples of A. fraterculus were released for a period of 48 hours. The damage resulting from oviposition was evaluated at fifteen-day intervals from the day the insects were released until harvest. The evaluation of damage consisted of visual observation of decayed and deformed fruits and the presence of larvae. In the laboratory, two couples were individualized with one fruit in a 750 mL pot for 48 hours. The evaluations consisted of counting the number of living third-instar larvae, pupae and adults. The physical and chemical analyses consisted of the determination of fruit peel and pulp texture, color, soluble solid content and transversal diameter. The incidence of the fruit fly on Packhams and Williams fruits occurred when fruits measured 54.9 and 52.8 mm respectively. The development of A. fraterculus in pear fruits of both cultivars is related mainly to fruit peel and pulp hardness.

En un ecotono de bosque atlántico y Caatinga, ubicado en el Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brasil, fueron estudiadas las formas de uso de recursos espaciales y temporales de dos espécies simpátricas de Ameivula El estudio se realizó entre febrero de 2008 y enero de 2009. El método adoptado fue la búsqueda activa con control de tiempo, en el periodo de las 06:00-18:00 horas. Se observó que la especie con más registros fue A. ocellifera. A pesar del alto solapamiento de nicho temporal observado (Ojk = 0,90), A. ocellifera y A. abaetensis difirieron en relación con los momentos de mayor actividad. A. ocellifera se observó con mayor frecuencia (≥ 10 %) 08:00-13:00, mientras que A. abaetensis de 09:00 a 13:00 horas. Ambas especies fueron más frecuentes en los días soleados, con patrones similares de actividad en el momento de la observación, fueron vistas por lo general caminando sobre la arena (A. ocellifera) o en las hojas cerca de la base de arbustos (A. abaetensis). Conductas adoptadas por las dos especies Ameivula en respuesta al enfoque del observador eran diferentes y estaban relacionados con el grado de exposición de la vulnerabilidad a la depredación. La coexistencia de A. ocellifera y A. abaetensis en el área de estudio se relaciona posiblemente con pequeñas diferencias en el patrón de tiempo de uso de los recursos y el espacio de las dos especies, estas diferencias son probablemente el resultado de las interacciones ecológicas actuales. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio contribuyen a la comprensión de la historia natural y ecología de las especies de Ameivula y generan principalmente información útil para la conservación de estas especies en hábitats de transición de la Mata Atlántica-Caatinga.

The forms of spatial and temporal resources use of two sympatric species of Ameivula were studied in an Atlantic Forest-Caatinga ecotone located in Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brazil. The study was conducted between February 2008 and January 2009. The method used was an active search for a limited time, from 06:00 am to 06:00 pm. The species were observed during all months sampled, and A. ocellifera presented the highest number of sightings. Despite the high temporal niche overlap observed (Ojk = 0.90), A. ocellifera and A. abaetensis differed regarding the times of higher activity. A. ocellifera was most seen (≥ 10%) between 08:00 am and 01:00 pm, and A. abaetensis from 09:00 am to 01:00 pm. Both species were found more frequently on sunny days, with similar patterns of activity at the time of sighting, being usually observed walking on sand (A. ocellifera) or leaves near the base of shrubs (A. abaetensis). The behaviors demonstrated by both species of Ameivula in response to the approach of the observer were different and were related to the level of exposure along with the vulnerability to predation. The coexistence of A. ocellifera and A. abaetensis in the study area is possibly related to minor differences in the use pattern of temporal and spatial resources by both species, and these differences are probably due to the current ecological interactions. The results obtained in this study contribute to the understanding of the natural history and ecology of the species of Ameivula and mainly generate useful information for the conservation of these species in habitats transitional of Atlantic Forest-Caatinga.

As formas de utilização dos recursos espaciais e temporais por duas espécies simpátricas de Ameivula foram estudadas em um ecótono de Mata Atlântica e Caatinga, situado no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brasil. O estudo foi desenvolvido entre fevereiro de 2008 e janeiro de 2009. O método adotado foi o de busca ativa limitado por tempo, sendo utilizado o período das 06:00 às 18:00 h. As duas espécies foram verificadas ao longo de todos os meses de coleta, sendo A. ocellifera a com maior número de registros. Apesar da alta sobreposição de nicho temporal observada (Ojk = 0,90), A. ocellifera e A. abaetensis diferiram em relação aos horários de maior atividade. A. ocellifera foi avistado com maiores frequências (≥10 %) entre 08:00 e 13:00 h, enquanto que A. abaetensis, entre as 09:00 às 13:00 h. As duas espécies foram mais frequentes em dias ensolarados, com padrões similares de atividade no momento do avistamento, tendo as mesmas sido verificadas, em geral, andando sobre areia (A. ocellifera) ou folhas próximas à base de arbustos (A. abaetensis). Os comportamentos adotados pelas duas espécies de Ameivula em resposta à aproximação do observador foram diferenciados e estiveram relacionados ao grau de exposição e, consequentemente, de vulnerabilidade à predação. A coexistência de A. ocellifera e A. abaetensis na área de estudo está possivelmente relacionada a pequenas divergências no padrão de uso de recursos temporais e espaciais pelas duas espécies, sendo provavelmente essas diferenças resultantes de interações ecológicas atuais. Os dados obtidos neste estudo contribuem para o conhecimento sobre a história natural e ecologia das espécies de Ameivula e, principalmente, geram informações úteis para a conservação destas espécies em hábitats de transição Mata Atlântica-Caatinga.

Aim: To evaluate, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the influence of 17% EDTA final irrigation on the penetration of an endodontic resin-based sealer into dentinal tubules after use of 2% chlorhexidine gel. Methods: Forty extracted bovine incisors were instrumented according to the groups: G1 - root canal preparation with 2% chlorhexidine gel (n=10); G2 - root canal preparation with 2% chlorhexidine gel and final irrigation with 17% EDTA (n=10); G3 - root canal preparation with saline and final irrigation with 17% EDTA (n=10); G4 - root canal preparation with saline (n=10). The samples were filled with gutta-percha using AH Plus sealer with rhodamine B fluorescent dye. After seven days, the teeth were sectioned at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds and viewed under confocal microscope. The most representative area of penetration depth was measured in each group. Statistical significance for the sealer penetration area was determined among groups using one-way ANOVA followed by Tuckey test. For thirds comparison, in each group, data were statistically analyzed using Friedman test (p<0.05). Results: The maximum penetration was provided by G2 - 2% chlorhexidine + EDTA (p=0.000). According to this criterion, no differences were found among the other groups and among thirds within the same group. Conclusions: Based on these results, the use of 17% EDTA should be indicated after root canal preparation with 2% chlorhexidine gel for smear layer removal, enhancing the AH Plus sealer penetration.

OBJECTIVE: The presence of periapical radiolucency has been used as a criterion for endodontic treatment failure. However, in addition to the inherent limitations of radiographic examinations, radiographic interpretations are extremely subjective. Thus, this study investigated the effect of partial analysis of root filling quality and periapical status on retreatment decisions by general dentists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve digitalized periapical radiographs were analyzed by 10 observers. The study was conducted at three time points at 1-week intervals. Radiographs edited with the Adobe Photoshop CS4 software were analyzed at three time points: first, only root filling quality was analyzed; second, only the periapical areas of the teeth under study were visualized; finally, observers analyzed the unedited radiographic image. Spearman ’s coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between the scores assigned when the periapical area was not visible and when the unedited radiograph was analyzed, as well as between the scores assigned when root fillings where not visible and when the unedited radiograph was analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values between partial images and unedited radiographs were also used to analyze retreatment decisions. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The visualization of the root filling on the unedited radiograph affected the interpretation of the periapical status and the technical quality of the fillings has a greater influence on the general dentist’s decision to prescribe endodontic retreatment than the periapical condition. CONCLUSION: In order to make endodontic diagnosis, radiographic interpretation process should not only emphasize technical aspects, but also consider biological factors.

OBJECTIVE: This study tested rat connective tissue response to RealSeal, RealSeal primer or AH Plus after 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats had subcutaneous sockets created on their back and received four implants each of polyethylene tubes containing one of the materials tested according to the groups: AH (AH Plus Sealer); RS (RealSeal Sealer); RP (RealSeal Primer); CG (control group - empty tube). After histological processing, sections were analyzed to identify the presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells, eosinophils, macrophages and giant cells, as well as fibrous capsule and abscesses, by an examiner using light microscope. Kruskal-Wallis and multiple-comparisons test were used for statistical analysis. Significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate scores significantly higher than those of the control group were observed at 14 and 60 days in AH group, and at 90 days in RS group (p<0.05). There were no differences in terms of presence of macrophages, giant cells, eosinophils, neutrophils or fibrosis. AH Plus group scored higher for abscesses at 7 days than after any other period (p=0.031). RP group scored higher for lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate at 14 days than at 90 days (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The main contribution of this study was to demonstrate that issues involved with tissue tolerance of a Resilon-containing sealer, RealSeal Sealer, cannot be attributed to its primer content.

Adultos hibernantes de Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) foram coletados de maio a dezembro de 2000, em um taquaral situado no município de Eldorado do Sul (30º 02' S e 51º 23' W), RS. A partir de um inseto morto que apresentava crescimento micelial branco sobre o corpo, realizou-se o isolamento do fungo em meio de cultura BDA. Em laboratório testou-se a patogenicidade do isolado em três concentrações de suspensões de conídios (5 x 10(5); 5 x 10(7); 1,25 x 10(9) conídios/ml). O fungo foi identificado como Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., e armazenado na coleção de culturas de fungos entomopatogênicos da Embrapa Soja com o número de acesso Bb353. O isolado mostrou-se patogênico em todas as concentrações utilizadas, sendo o maior percentual de mortalidade (84,4%) registrado na concentração mais elevada de conídios. Este foi o primeiro registro, em condições naturais, de B. bassiana sobre O. poecilus.

Hibernating adults of Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) were collected from May to December of 2000, in a bamboo thicket located in Eldorado do Sul County (30º 02' S e 51º 23' W), RS. The fungi isolation was done from dead insects, which presented a white micelial growth, in PDA culture medium. The pathogenicity of the isolate was tested in laboratory conditions using three concentrations of conidium suspension (5 x 10(5); 5 x 10(7); 1.25 x 10(9) conidia/ml). The fungus was identified as Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and was deposited in a culture collection of entomopathogenic fungi in Embrapa Soja with access number Bb353. The isolate was pathogenic in all concentrations, being the highest mortality (84.4%) recorded in 1.25 x 10(9) conídios/ml concentration. This is the first record of this fungus on O. poecillus, in natural conditions.

A escassez de trabalhos a respeito de parasitóides de ovos de Spartocera dentiventris (Berg) motivou o presente estudo, que teve como objetivo registrar a existência de parasitóides de ovos deste coreídeo, bem como quantificar a mortalidade ocasionada por esses agentes em condições de campo. O estudo foi conduzido numa lavoura de fumo (cv. Virgínia, var. K-326) no município de Porto Alegre, RS. No período de dez/97 a fev/98, 20 posturas de S. dentiventris, de idade conhecida, permaneceram expostas a todas as causas de mortalidade por 13 dias. Constatou-se a ocorrência de duas espécies de parasitóides nos ovos de S. dentiventris: Gryon gallardoi (Brethes) (Hym.: Scelionidae) e Neorileya ashmeadi Crawford (Hym.: Eurytomidae). Do total de ovos observados (321) apenas 34,3% (110 ovos) geraram ninfas do percevejo-cinzento-do-fumo. O parasitismo foi o principal fator de mortalidade atingindo 148 ovos (46,1%) do total observado.

The paucity of information about egg parasitoids of Spartocera dentiventris (Berg) motivated the present work. This study aimed to determine the parasitoid species involved as well as to quantify the mortality caused by these natural enemies in field conditions. The investigation was carried out in a tobacco crop (cultivar Virgínia, var. K-326) in Porto Alegre, RS. From December/97 to February/98, 20 egg masses of known age were left exposed to all causes of mortality for a period of 13 days. Two species of parasitoids were found on eggs of S. dentiventris: Gryon gallardoi (Brethes) (Hym.: Scelionidae) and Neorileya ashmeadi Crawford (Hym.: Eurytomidae). From a total of 321 observed eggs, only 34.3% (110 eggs) originated nymphs of S. dentiventris. Parasitism was the main mortality factor, killing 148 eggs (46.1%) from the total observed.

O consumo alimentar de larvas de 3º estádio de Phytalus sanctipauli Blanch. foi estudado em laboratório. Os insetos foram criados individualmente e alimentados com aveia (Avena sativa), milho (Zea mays) ou trigo (Triticum aestivum) ou com as três espécies juntas. A quantidade (massa seca) ingerida de raiz e semente, respectivamente, foi maior em trigo (28,5 mg), menor em aveia (16,4 mg) e intermediária no milho (22,6 mg). O consumo de folha foi semelhante em aveia (18,2 mg) e trigo (19,8 mg) e significativamente superior ao de milho (2,1 mg). Avaliando-se a plântula como um todo, o consumo de trigo foi superior tanto quando as espécies vegetais foram oferecidas isoladamente (89,8 mg) quanto em conjunto (56,9 mg). O peso fresco médio das larvas ao término da alimentação foi maior em trigo (100,2 mg) e milho (102,2 mg) do que em aveia (85,9 mg). O número médio de plantas destruído por larva foi marcadamente maior em trigo e aveia (27,4 e 24,9, respectivamente) comparado com milho (0,9).

Food intake of 3rd instar larvae of Phytalus sanctipauli Blanch. was studied in the laboratory. Individually reared insects were given newly emerged seedlings of oat (Avena sativa), corn (Zea mays) or wheat (Triticum aestivum), or the three species together. The amount (dry mass) respectively of roots and seeds ingested was larger for wheat (28.5 and 41.5 mg), lower for oat (16.4 and 2.0 mg) and intermediate (22.6 and 24.9 mg) for corn. Leaf intake was similar for oat (18.2 mg) and wheat (19.8 mg) and larger for corn (2.1mg). Considering the seedling, consumption was larger for wheat either offered singly (89.8 mg) or not (56.9 mg). Grubs fed on wheat (100.2 mg) and corn (102.2 mg) were heavier than those fed on oat (85.9 mg). The average number of seedlings damaged/grub was larger for wheat (27.4) and oat (24.9) when compared to corn (0.9).